مجله دانشکده دندان پزشکی اصفهان
سال سوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 11، پاییز 1386)

The prevalence of malignancy in different societies increases more and more, such that these diseases are the second factor for mortality in advanced countries. Today, head and neck cancers are the most prevalence types of malignancy. Besides of surgery, radiotherapy is one of the treatment methods. The head and neck radiotherapy can produce several side effects on oral mucosa. This study was done to investigate the prevalence of oral complications in patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy in the oncology department of Shafa hospital in Kerman.Methods and Materials: In this study, 42 patients referred to oncology department for head and neck radiotherapy were surveyed. After completing the related form and doing oral examination, data were analyzed using χ2, t-test, and Cochran test via SPSS13.5 software. From 42 patients, 27 cases (64.3%) were male and 15 cases (35.7%) were female. 40 cases (95.2%) had compliant from xerostoma in the final stage of examination. Also, 70% of these patients had burning mouth or pain. 83.3% of patients were affected with mucositis during radiotherapy. Besides, Candidiasis and taste alteration were seen in 64.3% and 52.4% of patients, respectively. A considerable number of patients have compliant from the side effects of radiotherapy, such that the most prevalence complication in these patients was mucositis. Besides, several other complications including mucositis, burning mouth, candida infection, angular chielitis, taste alteration, and trismus may be produced by radiotherapy.

Some technicians in dental laboratories of Iran have used wax as spacer in implant prosthesis fabrications. This study evaluated the effect of two methods of applying spacer on the retention of implant supported single crowns by using three different provisional cements. Method and Materials: Twenty prepable titanium implant abutments (Biohorizons), with 8mm highth, were placed in implant analogs and torqued to 30 Ncm. Implant analogs were mounted in autopolymerizing acrylic resin blocks using surveyor. Then the Specimens divided into 2 groups. In one group abutments were covered with layer of wax as spacer and in the other one a layer foil 25 μm used as spacer. After wax up and casting of crowns for each abutment, each crowns was pulled from the abutment with a 500 kg load cell in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 cm/minute, and tensile strength was recorded (N). Provisional luting agents (TempBond, Dycal and TempBond NE) were used to secure the crowns to the respective abutments. All specimens were stored in 100% humidity environment for 48 hours at 37°C prior to testing. Again tensile test was performed in similar manner. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and two-way ANOVA. With using foil as spacer, retention of crowns cemented with Dycal, TempBond NE and TempBond was 24.87 ± 3.91, 21.14 ± 3.02 and 13.96 ± 1.23, respectively. Retention of crowns fabricated with applying wax as spacer was 27.31 ± 2.71 for Dycal, 22.86 ± 2.86 for TempBond NE and 17.24 ± 2.29 for TempBond. With considering each cement separately, there was no significant statistically difference between the mean force required to remove the cemented copings in either test groups (p value > 0.05). Application of wax on abutment as a spacer does not adversely affect the retention of cemented implant supported crowns.

Dental implants are used increasingly in educational and clinical centers due to their ability to provide esthetic and function in patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate patients treated with ITI Dental implants clinically and radiographically, and also evaluate their satisfaction from esthetic and practical point of view.Methods and Materials: In this analytical descriptive retrospective study, 318 ITI Dental implants were placed for 107 patients (male and females). Implants were evaluated clinically and radiographically after two years of loading. Soft and hard tissue supporting implants were also evaluated. Patient's satisfaction was evaluated from esthetic and prosthetic functional aspect via questionnaires. The data was analyzed with ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests using SPSS software. From total of 318 placed ITI dental implants, 3 implants failed before loading and 2 implants after loading. Therefore survival rate was 99% up to loading period and after 2-7 years of loading was 98/4%. Soft and hard tissue health was within predetermined standard limits. More than 90% of patients were satisfied with different aspects of their treatment. Results of this study confirm the accuracy of clinicians and the ability of the system being used. In case of correct diagnosis and treatment ITI dental implants can be used as favorable treatment option for complete and partial edentulous patients with success rate of more than 98.4%.

, The harmful effects of cigarette smoking on oral health are well established. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and attitude of dental patients about the effects of smoking on oral health and their cessation efforts.Methods and materials: In this descriptive analysis-cross sectional study, 905 patients from dental clinics in Kerman were selected. They were asked to complete a self- administered structured questionnaire on the effects of smoking on oral health. The questionnaire consisted of questions about demographic data, smoking status, patient's knowledge and attitude about the effects of smoking and cessation efforts of them. Finally, data was analyzed with SPSS program, t test and x2 test. A total 905 patients (53% men and 47% women) were studied. The mean age was 32.76 ± 9.509. The prevalence of smoking was 20.5%. The relationship between sex and education and smoking was significant (p value = 0.0001). Mean Knowledge score was 53.95%. Smoking patients and men were significantly less aware of the effects of smoking on oral health. In this study, 54.9% of smoking patients had tried to quit smoking. Only 12.2% had taken counselling. The attitude toward cigarettes was passive. Results of this study showed that the knowledge about effects of smoking on oral health, especially oral cancer, was low. Therefore dentists have a key role for awarding their patients of such effects and are placed to be have a key role in tobacco prevention and cessation.

This study was aimed to evaluate and compare the amount of microleakage of two types of root end filling materials, white Pro Root MTA (Dentsply) and Iranian MTA (Root MTA).Methods and Materials: In this laboratory study, 34 extracted single root and canal human teeth were selected. Root canals were cleaned, shaped and obdurate. Experimental samples were divided randomly in to 2 groups of 15 specimens. Root tips were sectioned in perpendicular angel and root end cavities were prepared. In first group, white Pro Root MTA and in second group, Root MTA was used as root end filling material. 4 residual teeth were divided into two positive and negative control groups. After setting of root end filing materials, the teeth were covered with two layers of nail polish except around the root filling materials and then were submerged in Indian Ink solution for 48 hours. After rinsing, the teeth were splited in buccolingual direction. Dye penetration was observed and evaluated by three observers with steriomicroscope at 16× magnification. Data were analyzed and the means were compared using Mann Whitney U test. Due to the obtained mean of microlaeakage (0.61 mm for first and 0.57 mm for second group), there was no significant difference between the two groups; So, the sealing ability of two types of MTA as root end filling material was similar. We found that use of Root MTA, compared to Pro Root MTA due to its lower cost and easier availability is recommended.

Considering the role of host inflammatory response in progression of periodontal destruction confirms the host tissue modulation. Piascledin is one of the most medicines decreases periodontal disease symptoms. The aim of this study was evaluating of clinical effects of this herbal medicine in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.Methods and Materials: Twenty for patients with chronic periodontitis were divided in two groups and clinical and radiographic measurements including probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), Plaque index (PI), Bleeding index (BI) and bone density were evaluated. Then phase I of treatment plan was done for all the patients. Test group received piascledine (300 mg) q.d and control group received placebo q.d for 6 months. The patients were recalled at 1, 2, 4 and 6 months for review of the parameters. All of the findings were analyzed by SPSS soft ware with paired t- test. PI, BI, PPD, CAL and bone dentistry had no significant difference between test and control group after 6 months (P = 0.013, P = 0.089, P = 0.861, P = 0.134, P = 0.485, P = 0.864, respectively). The findings of this study dont suggest the use of Piascledine in the treatment of chronic periodontitis; but according to other researches that confirm the effectiveness of this herbal medicine in the treatment of osteoarthritis and periodontitis, it is suggested that other invivo studies should be bone.

Salivary gland lesions, as a diverse group, can be classified as infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic. These lesions have been considered rare and few multitude epidemiologic studies in Iranian populations are noticeable.Methods and Materials: 574 (314 men and 260 women) cases diagnosed as salivary gland lesions were studied. The sample comprised of 198 benign lesions, 113 malignant and 263 non­neoplastic ones. The lesions were further classified with regard of age, sex, site and histopathology. Patient's files, 314 men and 260 women, were assessed. The diagnosis included 46% to be non-neoplastic, 34% to be benign and 20% to be malignant. The most common benign lesion was pleomorphic adenoma (68.1% of benign tumors and 23.5% of all lesions). Benign tumors were more frequent, in the age group of 31-50 years. Mucco-epidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor (40% of malignant tumors, and 7.8% of all lesions); most of the malignant lesions were seen to occur by the age of more than 50. Forty-six percent of all lesions were non-neoplastic which comprised of both genders (56.3% men, 43.7% women). Chronic sialadenitis was the most frequent lesion years. Present study showed that pattern of salivary gland lesions epidemiology is different to series studies from all over the world, even though it was similar to the others partly. Such a difference points out the role of geographic and racial factors.

During using osseointegrated dental implants, as a foundation for the prosthetic replacement of missing teeth, failures and complications inevitably occur. The aim of this literature review was to present the studies related to the effects of smoking on dental implant procedures.Methods and Materials: Relevant clinical English studies published up to end of May 2008 through Medline and Cochrane Oral Health Group database (COHG) were surveyed. This was supplemented with a hand search of selected dental journals and text books at libraries of Isfahan School of Dentistry and School of Dentistry at the University of Toronto. Agreement between the reviewers was determined performing k-statistic. Disagreements were resolved by evaluation of the full texts and discussion. Due to heterogeneity of the factors in different studies, no meta-analysis performed. The results of different studies presented in a systematic manner. Implant complications, marginal bone loss and implant failure were higher in smokers than non-smokers. The deleterious effects of cigarette smoking are dose dependent and were more pronounced in upper jaw. The negative effects of smoking were also less observed in medium rough surfaced implants. The success rates of GBR and SFEA procedures with implants were much lower in smokers. Appropriate oral hygiene instructions should be given and the deleterious effects of smoking on implant therapy should be highlighted. In patients who do not quit smoking, antibiotic should be given before surgery. Patient must also instruct not to smoke 1 week before and 8 weeks after surgery.